Whose Bastard Sun: If The Wire Is Wrong, Why Is Baltimore's Paper So Bad?
If David Simon is Captain Ahab, then call me Ishmael. Mr. Simon, the newspaper-reporter-turned-television-producer, stands accused of unhealthy obsession because he is using the current season of The Wire to revisit his old workplace, The Baltimore Sun.
In the HBO program, in profiles and interviews, and in an Esquire essay, Mr. Simon has revived an old feud with the paper's former editor and managing editor, John Carroll and William Marimow. Mr. Simon has described a newspaper that was gutted of purpose and integrity by editors bent only on cutting costs and winning prizes.
Mr. Carroll and Mr. Marimow—decorated and illustrious journalists—have fought back, calling Mr. Simon an egomaniac driven by envy and spite. Mr. Carroll has taunted Mr. Simon for never having won a Pulitzer. Mr. Marimow, who had already seen a mean and bungling police lieutenant named after him in the previous season of The Wire, has used the Ahab allusion multiple times. Why can't Mr. Simon let the past go?
It's easy to forget, as the pungent quotes fly, that Mr. Simon's complaints refer to something other than newsroom politics. They refer to a newspaper—the newspaper I grew up reading, and the newspaper I wrote about, as a media columnist, in my first job. I'm still writing about it. Like Mr. Simon, I have a fixation on the subject.
The Sun that I covered for Baltimore's City Paper in the '90s was the Sun of Mr. Carroll and Mr. Marimow. It was redesigned and ambitious and on its way to Pulitzer glory. It was also a damaged and declining newspaper.
How can both those things be true? It comes down to a disagreement about the purpose of a newspaper. Mr. Carroll and Mr. Marimow's Sun was a place for young, talented reporters to do ambitious stories. It was not particularly dedicated to covering the news in the city of Baltimore.
That's because the Sun of the '90s was not a Baltimore newspaper. It was a colonial holding of The Los Angeles Times, which had bought it in 1986. Actually, The Times had bought two papers, The Sun and The Evening Sun—in a sense, it had even acquired a share of a third, as the Sunpapers absorbed staff and features from the collapse of the Baltimore News American. But by 1995, The Evening Sun had been folded into The Sun, and Baltimore was down to one daily-paper newsroom. Buyouts, ordered from the other side of the country, were clearing out the veteran employees.
Whether this was a necessary adjustment or an act of vandalism depends on your point of view. Like Mr. Simon, I take the parochial and nostalgic side. Parochialism means you think there's something worth reading in your local paper. Nostalgia means you plan on renewing your old subscription.
The tragedy of The Sun is that Mr. Carroll and Mr. Marimow probably did mean well. But they were brought in from Philadelphia by bosses in Los Angeles to run a Baltimore newspaper. Their idea of journalistic excellence was an institutional abstraction.
Long before The Wire's plotline ever ventured into the newsroom (and before Lt. Marimow ever appeared), the show was arguing that what makes good police work is institutional memory and engagement with the streets—and that bureaucrats and managers, chasing institutional goals, were bound to ignore the difference between good work and bad. It was not hard to see what Mr. Simon was getting at.
Now The Wire has a reporter fabricating news stories. The argument in the press between Mr. Simon and his ex-bosses gets foggy at this point. Presumably, this has to do with Mr. Simon's legal obligations as the creator of a work of fiction.
But there was a reporting scandal at The Sun under Mr. Carroll and Mr. Marimow. City Paper covered it, and Mr. Simon talked to Brill's Content about it on the record in 2000. The reporter in question was named Jim Haner. He was one of the out-of-towners' hires, with the sort of bombastic writing tone that broadsheet editors often mistake for voice. In the thick of a Sun campaign against lead poisoning, he wrote about an emergency visit by the governor in response to the lead crisis—which, a correction later explained, had not been an emergency visit and had not been about lead paint, and during which a reported conversation between the governor and a minister had not happened. And he wrote yards of gritty-sounding copy about the travails of a neighborhood whose residents called it "Zombieland," a nickname that other reporters could never recall encountering.
By the time all that happened, though, The Sun was already dead to me. It had died on May 20, 1996. "For the uninitiated," Mr. Haner wrote in a front-page feature that day, "a lacrosse ball is about the size of a pool ball, and about as hard." He was describing, as a wacky cultural oddity, the NCAA lacrosse quarterfinals (lead: "Thwack! Crack! Thud!").
In Maryland, lacrosse is played in the public high schools. This was not just an outsider's piece, but a piece that was hopelessly useless to anyone on the inside. And that was what colonialism meant.
The badness of the story was almost beside the point. Other writers under Mr. Carroll and Mr. Marimow wrote excellent stories. Once you've been colonized, you don't care whether the colonial authorities are benevolent or tyrannical. Either way, your opinion doesn't matter.
The Sun's editors never understood this. Mr. Simon was the temperamental artist, but his bosses were the ones with the ego problem. They wanted to make a better newspaper through a great-leader theory of newspapering. They were high-handed in the name of Excellence, and the bosses who came after them were high-handed in the name of Thrift.
Mr. Carroll ended up in another colonial posting—at The Los Angeles Times, which had fallen under the control of the Chicago Tribune. There, the out-of-towners put the screws to his budget till he cracked and left in protest. Then they repeated the performance with each of the next two editors.
The white whale, in the end, plunges out of sight, leaving the wreckage of the Pequod. The talent Mr. Carroll imported to Baltimore got up and out, as talent does. Why stay? Tribune has closed The Sun's foreign bureaus. The paper is chopped down to a wisp. If you want to see Baltimore, you can look on cable TV.
FIX ITAL IN HED
So true. But you could write the same story for virtually every once-kinda-good daily in any naked city in the post-print USA. Pulitzers="legitimacy" and cover up a multitude of fiduciary sins, such as layoffs, buyouts, hiring greenhorns to run major beats. This is all the newspaper industry has left.
How you managed to mention Haner without referencing "a three-legged pony with a belly full o' hookworm" is beyond me.
Z
While it's certainly true that the Sun is truly horrendous, your 'drop-dead moment' doesn't sound right to me. Lacrosse is the #3 NCAA sport in terms of viewership (behind basketball and football, of course). Johns Hopkins U won the men's lacrosse title and is in Baltimore, even if it wasn't actually named in the story it is still relevant to at least some of Baltimore.
Of all the examples a bad newspaper you could have picked, that wasn't a very good choice.
J,
I think you missed the writer's point. He was saying that anyone who is from MD/Baltimore knows all about lacrosse because it's such a part of the culture. But the story in the paper treated it like this exotic thing that no one had ever heard of. It would be like Sports Illustrated writing an article explaining the basic rules of baseball. A real Baltimore paper would have never been this condescending. The writer is saying, I think, that this is a sign of how out-of-touch the out-of-town owners and reporters had become.
Yeah, that is exactly what he was saying. He was giving an intro to lacrosse when it needed no intro.
And why should the Sun beat up on The Wire. Any attention brought to the problems of Charm City should be embraced. I can certainly see where the envy of the Sun is clouding their judgement.
http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/phillygossip/Inqwaster_fires_Stephen_...
The problem Bill Marimow had with David Simon is that David wanted his reputation to be bigger than, and more importantly independent of, the Sun's reputation. The Gene Roberts/Inquirer way was more team-driven and self-abnegating than that. What Bill did to Stephen A is what he did to Simon and many others. If you wanted to be a thought leader independent of "channels,'' you were done. The formula was to be hired by Bill, to take your ideas from Bill and John, and be grateful.
David gets lots wrong about The Sun and about Baltimore and about the drug war. No one who moved to New York from Baltimore in the 1990s, as I did, can be as pessimistic about the effects of simple, effective law enforcement as Simon is. (And the benefits of medicalization, which he championed beginning with The Corner, are non-existent). No one who knows Maryland's economy thinks that, net/net, the move to a service based economy has been bad for the Baltimore metro area. Bad for specific Baltimore neighborhoods, yes. But statewide, Maryland moved up seven spots in national personal-income ratings from the 1970s to the 1990s. Despite season 2 of Th Wire, and some of David's sillier bleatings about the evils of capitalism itself, the declining relative importance of the manufacturing economy was terrific for Maryland. (This would apply equally to Jim Haner's ridiculous series arguing that conflcts of interest in the city building department, rather than broad economic and cultural trends, drove the decline of Baltimore neighborhoods). And I'd give you a different take on the decline of newspapers than this season has, and certainly with different solutions.
That said, he has a lot right too. I got the same civility lecture from Bill M that I saw on the screen two weeks ago. I heard the same "I had lunch with Gene Roberts" talk more than once. And yet, among the things I've never forgiven Bill Marimow and John Carroll for is casually libeling Simon in the Brill's content article, where they (through Jim Asher, the former city editor) called him mentally ill. For emphasis, they then teamed up on Laura Lippman, now Simon's wife. To call it classless is to demean people who eat with their mouths full and jack off at the table. Disagreeing disagreeably wasn't in their skill set. And it pretty much made clear who they were.
Last I heard Jim Haner was at the Bergen Record. The sports, business and features people who left are all at places you know. Simon, who has no Pulitzers, contents himself with an Emmy and a Peabody. Lippman is a best-selling novelist.
And The Sun won exactly the same number of Pulitzers in the 13-year Carroll and Marimow era as in the preceding 13 years -- three. They were finalists many more times. But in many of those cases there was something not quite right, not quite original (a Honduras series that was inspired by a wire service story about a government investigation into old atrocities, which duplicated its conclusions, comes to mind) not quite good enough about them. They weren't organic -- they didn't spring from doing the job right every day but from a self-conscious search for prize winning ideas, even if, as in the Honduras example, the news had been known for more than a decade and had happened 3,000 miles away).
They were fine stories -- Honduras was a Pulitzer finalist -- but their self-consciousness doomed them. Everyone ultimately knew what they were and how hollow they were, as finely crafted as they were. Two of the Pulitzers they did win came, instead, from simple excellence in things good papers do every day - Diana Sugg's amazing stories about children with cancer, and Lisa Pollak's profile of the umpire Oriole star Robby Alomar spit on. Those stories didn't have committees, they didn't take 18 months (and ask for you, the reader to be impressed by how long they took) and didn't spur congressional hearings. They just covered the hell out of a good news town.
One last thing. As many people from The Carroll era Sun won Pulitzers after leaving as they did at it. Steve Hunter and Scott Higham have won at the Post, Ian JOhnson won at the WSJ. I'm sure there are others if I think about it.
Get off the colonization kick. The Sun was always a weird place, well before the LA Times. It's always been hexed. That's why I like the old-time printers. The lowest seniority when I was there was 17 years. I used to go to the shop because they were so personable, far more robust than the likes of the Icabods who roamed the Sun's newsroom. They always taked back. Well before LA Times, I walked into the bathroom one day and the ME was next to me and actually said hi. First time since our interview. I came out and told a female reporter I had a conversation with the the ME. Lucky you, she said. So much for pining for the good old days.
For a more balanced view of David Simon's relentless Ahab-like vendetta, see Mark Bowden's article in the Atlantic Monthly:
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200801/bowden-wire
Well said, Mr. Scocca. After hacking my way through forests of copy on the Simon/Sun dispute, I think I finally get it. Like a lot of people in the news business, I understood Simon's anger at the decline of newspapers, but couldn't grasp why he singled out Carroll and Marimow as the villains, given their stellar reputations as journalists. But it appears that the "excellence" they brought to the Sun was a generic, journalism-school variety -- imported wholesale rather than homegrown. So while the Sun appeared to be "much improved" in the eyes of the rest of the news business, perhaps it wasn't in the eyes of Baltimoreans.
If you want to know Baltimore bleakness, be on the receiving end of a .357 magnum bullet which I was, gratis a Baltimore drug user. That bullet killed someone else who was with me. This is a true story. The safest place to park at The Sun when I worked there was along the rail tracks at the jail (no charge after the morning attendants left, with the exception of possibly your life.) The problem was getting from there to Calvert Street. I caution friends many years later from outside the state be careful when they go to Baltimore. They kill there every day whether they need to or not. I'm in my mid-50s and grew up outside the city. I spent a lot of time there as a teen and young man. It's always been like this. Always. It's very sad. I feel for the ordinary people who must live in the midst of this awful violence. There comes a time when you question whether it will ever stop.
some good points. but i also see an inconsistency. how can you fault the sun for focusing less on local coverage but then bemoan the closing of foreign bureaus? isn't this the argument of cost-cutting publishers, that they are closing foreign bureaus so they can spend more money on local coverage? isn't this how publishers justify their cuts -- that journalists for too long have been writing stories from faraway places that fail to connect with readers and are simply meant to win prizes?
In their day they had some pretty good foreign reporting. These stories had a tendency to go and on and on and on and on and on. I remember one great reporter out of Harford County. I was an editor in the burbs, when the daily and the suburban editions were the equivalent of church and state. I dubbed her the queen of the three-inch epic. I asked if she ever filed a real story. She said she filed daily, that what she wrote was whittled down to a brief -- if that, and what she filed and they didn't used was flushed. None of those stories ever ended up even in the surburban editions. Now was this occurred pre-LA Times. I was always amazed at the amount of potentially good local reporting that went to waste. At such a big organization you can piss away money very easily, and under the old owners they did.
Great post, Mr. Scocca. It's not only the pursuit of awards that causes this problem of rotten daily coverage.
I worked at a Gannett-owned daily. They had no interest in doing decent day-to-day coverage, and instead wanted only what you referred to as the "ambitious" pieces. Unfortunately, none of those were ever very nuanced or thorough. Similarly they were not dedicated to covering the daily news in their community. I'm not arguing against doing the ambitious packages - you need to do those too - but you also need to give more than 7 non-jumping inches to your daily coverage of local politics, cops, courts, local sports, local businesses, etc. They never encouraged that. And it wasn't a matter of putting that daily-type stuff up on the Web because this was before the current Web boom. As a reader on the outside and not an employee now, the trend seems to have continued.
Sure, the pursuit of awards also drove them, but it was this attitude of: if we do this big superficial piece on such-and-such community once a month or once a quarter then we've fulfilled our obligation to "cover" them.
For anyone who lived through the Marimow-Carroll era at The Sun, as I did, you'd know that, if anything, Simon is taking it easy on them in The Wire. If this was truly a personal vendetta against them, the material is there to make them look a lot worse, simply by describing some of their behaviors and quoting their own words. If you wanted to portray Marimow truly, you'd need to resurrect Sonny Bono, give him a greasy combover and have him salaciously eyeing the new hires while quoting from The Godfather to the veteran staff. "It's always personal," was the quote he favored.
Maybe that's why he and Carroll think it's about them. More likely, this is more or less a goodbye and a tribute to what once was a proud and fiesty institution and stems more from a remarkable sadness than it does from personal bile.
The real villain in this, if we're looking for villans, would be Reg Murphy, the publisher of The Sunpapers who engineered the sale to Times Mirror right after The News American folded. Perhaps he escapes criticism because it took a few years before the reality set in, which was that the locally-owned paper that had been it in for the long haul and had invested some of its profits back into the paper, was now a cash cow. Or maybe a better analogy would be sending grandmom out on the street to turn tricks.
The long parade of ambitious suits, of which Marimow and Carroll were only two of the worst, began shortly after that sale and hasn't stopped.
We may also thank our good friends in Congress who softened anti-trust regulations that allowed the corporate-owned Sun to buy up local weeklies that were cutting into their market and providing a last vestige of competition.
Of course, as others have noted, the Baltimore experience is not unique.
I have to laugh when I see the comments that Simon's portrayal of The Sun is not credible. I am a former Sun staffer who was hired by Marimow and Carroll. So far, every single newsroom situation is based on a real event that occurred during my time there. In scenes involving the top editors, most of the dialogue is taken practically verbatim from actual newsroom conversations.
I think these commenters have it mostly right. I had worked at a couple of fine newspapers before joining The Sun, and I knew that top editors usually have much higher regard for their own hires than for the existing staff. But Carroll and Marimow took it to extremes. They seemed to have a real blind spot. With just a few exceptions, they were unable to appreciate the abundant talents of the people who were there before they got there.
I joined the paper when CJR, E&P and others were beating the drum about the miraculous turnaround that Marimow and Carroll had pulled off at The Sun - in fact, I came to the paper because I wanted to be part of that. From Day One, it was obvious that some of their young hires were very talented, but most were in jobs that they were not experienced enough to handle. They got very little guidance from the then-metro editor, who mostly worked on whatever big series was in the prize-entry chute. A few of the newcomers were empty shirts, or worse.
The remaining members of the old guard were solid, smart reporters. Many of them could write rings around the new hires. But during my time there, an awful lot of those talented veterans got transferred to the 'burbs, often soon after they violated some unspoken rule of newsroom decorum - excessive cursing, sloppy dress, rejecting some dumb story idea that came from the glass offices, etc.
Carroll is very, very smart and throws off story ideas the way a steel wheel throws off sparks. He did a great job of working with reporters on the long projects that he loves, and he was good at inspiring the troops. The old-timers who think he ran The Sun into the ground fail to understand what was happening at other newspapers at the time. He held the line against the truly awful management fads that swept through so many newsrooms in the '90s, as newspaper executives got more and more panicky and befuddled by declining readership. If he'd had an ME with better people skills, and if he hadn't had this unfortunate blind spot where the pre-existing Sun staff was concerned, he could have accomplished much more for The Sun and the city.
I think Simon has bought into the Marimow credo - "it's all personal." I sympathize with his sense of outrage at the gutting of to the paper he loved. But he seems to think Carroll and Marimow are uniquely evil in some way.
Sadly, nothing about The Sun's decline was unique. The Sun of the '90s was already an anachronism, a good five or ten years behind the curve. It was blessed with good geography; it was far from LA, and the home office didn't pay much attention to it, so the editors were free to commit journalism at a time when that was becoming increasingly difficult.
I worked at two very fine newspapers before coming to The Sun - one owned by Cox, the other by Knight-Ridder. All three chains followed the same trajectory on their long, painful slides into the tank. First comes a change in corporate leadership: bosses who are dedicated to journalism and to their newspapers' communities retire or get bought out. They are replaced by executives who consider newspapers to be a product like any other, who talk about "markets," not commmunities, and who think their job is to enrich stockholders, not inform readers. One by one, the best editors refuse to do the dirty deeds they must do to maximize profits. They quit, and are replaced by yes-men who genuinely believe they're doing more with less, and do not realize that they're running a good paper into the ground.
Despite their failings - and they had plenty - I count Carroll and Marimow among the best and most principled editors of a disgraceful era. If Simon had worked at a couple of other papers instead of spending his whole career at The Sun, his view would probably be a bit more nuanced and the final season of The Wire would be a bit better than it is. But it's still the best thing on television by far and if you know of a better, more realistic newspaper movie or series, I'd love to see it.
I agree that the best response to the show is anger - not at Simon, but at the corporate owners who answer to day traders on Wall Street rather than to readers on Baltimore Street. Wall Street has all the wisdom and foresight of a manic-depressive 12-year-old. After the past month, if you don't know that, you haven't been paying attention. This is the institution to which we have entrusted our free press, the last safeguard of our democracy? God help us all.
I
A couple of things:
One, Bowden's vaguely anti-Simon article in The Atlantic rues that Simon wouldn't trust Bowden on a story he was working on, then raised hell about it. Well, as an old Baltimore hack, I can recall that many in the News Union of Baltimore, the collective bargainer for wretches at the late but not necessarily lamented Baltimore News-American, didn't trust Bowden, either. As the oldsters related it at the time: During one session, Bowden the union negotiator walked out with no improvements in an agreement, but with a new column for himself. He didn't last in Baltimore much longer. He was hardly loved by his colleagues. (Granted, this was 30 years ago.) So maybe Simon merely thought he smelled a rat.
And: The foreign bureaus/local reporting duo isn't an either/or thing. The Sun sucked at local coverage while it bled its newshole of original reportage dry. Marimow/Carroll/Franklin have been/are amazingly consistent in their ineptitude.
Z - Are you saying "a three-legged pony with a belly full o' hookworm" appeared in The Sun? I remember when an editor killed Alvarez's "Geez Louise, there's bees in the Lazyboy.."
We all have our biases, but based on my experience--having worked in the same newsroom as Haner--I have to say that Scocca got this one right. He was full of bluster, but he didn't last long, or leave much of a legacy. And I've never heard or read it put better than Scocca's characterization of broadsheet editors mistaking bombast for "voice." The exception among such writers was Charlie LeDuff. He had real voice, if you ask me.
I get a little tired of people bashing the Carroll-Marimow era at The Sun. I'm not dismissing the complaints of sun vets pre-Carroll and Marimow. I suspect a good number of them were mistreated.
Conquest by outsiders in any business is hard, but these were not bad ones to have. John Carroll and Bill Marimow were not Gannett or Tribune Co. pawns looking to shrink newshole and make numbers.
The truth is that the Sun, both before and during caroll-marimow, was a much better newspaper than almost all others around the country.
An irony here is that Simon's vision of journalism's role in society is probably not so different from Carroll's and Marimow's. I believe Marimow won a Pulitzer in Philly on stories related to the MOVE bombing and on police dogs attacking civilians.
My suspicion is if you removed the bylines, Simon would think they were amazing stories. These were not distant, irrelevant prize-chasing endeavors, but stories that might have made for good plot lines on Homicide or The Wire. (Probably two of the best 10 shows ever on TV)
More broadly Carroll and Marimow have had to deal with the consequences of the publicly traded, profit-growth driven press, which has played more of a role in print's decline that prize-chasing self-promotion. Carroll resigned from the LA Times and Marimow was fired from the Sun, largely because they wouldn't follow orders to cut reporters and editors.
I also think the prize-chasing and favoritism charges are overdone.
At The Sun and elsewhere, Carroll gained a reputation as somewhat of a journalistic visionary. He investigated allegations of slavery in the sudan by having reporters actually purchase a slave. One of the reporters was a long time Sun veteran, Gil Lewthwaite, there long before Carroll and Marimow. Carroll personally edited a story revealing deadly practices in shipbreaking that was taking place in Baltimore. One of the reporters was a Sun vet, Will Englund, the other a former Philly guy, Gary Cohn. Scott Shane and Tom Bowman, two pre-Carroll/Marimow vets, did superb work on the National Security Agency, an agency based in Baltimore area.
Is anyone going to take issue with the relevance of throwing resources at lead paint in dilapidated Baltimore City houses or at mismanagement of juvenile justice by a gubernatorial candidate?
A prior posting properly praises work by Diana Sugg and Lisa Pollak. But it doesn't give the newspaper credit for allowing those stories to be guided by superb editors -- Jan Winburn, a hire by Carroll: and Rebecca Corbett, a long time Sun editor.
Some of the stories cited above were locally based. Some were not. Some may have been written to chase prizes.
But they all represent audacious, bold attempts to tell compelling stories. I don't know about you, but that's what I want my newspaper doing...
amendment to prior:
Marimow received two Pulitzer Prizes: In 1977, he and a partner, Jonathan Neumann, revealed how Philadelphia police detectives were beating suspects and witnesses in order to secure confessions. Those stories led to a criminal investigation by the U.S. Justice Department and the reversal of a homicide conviction for Robert "Reds" Wilkinson, who had been falsely convicted of firebombing a Hispanic man's home in Feltonville... The Inquirer received the 1978 Pulitzer Prize for public service for the homicide series and follow-up stories about police violence on the streets of Philadelphia...in 1985, Marimow received the Pulitzer Prize for investigative reporting for stories describing how a small group of K-9 officers in Philadelphia were commanding their police dogs to attack innocent, unarmed men and women. That same year, he was The Inquirer's lead reporter on the story of the bombing of the MOVE house on Osage Ave. in which 11 occupants of the radical group's home died and an entire city block was destroyed by fire. Those stories were a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for general news reporting in 1986.
amendment to prior:
Marimow received two Pulitzer Prizes: In 1977, he and a partner, Jonathan Neumann, revealed how Philadelphia police detectives were beating suspects and witnesses in order to secure confessions. Those stories led to a criminal investigation by the U.S. Justice Department and the reversal of a homicide conviction for Robert "Reds" Wilkinson, who had been falsely convicted of firebombing a Hispanic man's home in Feltonville... The Inquirer received the 1978 Pulitzer Prize for public service for the homicide series and follow-up stories about police violence on the streets of Philadelphia...in 1985, Marimow received the Pulitzer Prize for investigative reporting for stories describing how a small group of K-9 officers in Philadelphia were commanding their police dogs to attack innocent, unarmed men and women. That same year, he was The Inquirer's lead reporter on the story of the bombing of the MOVE house on Osage Ave. in which 11 occupants of the radical group's home died and an entire city block was destroyed by fire. Those stories were a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for general news reporting in 1986.
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